In peer-reviewed journals
Villalba-Mouco, V., Oliart, C., Rihuete-Herrada, C., Childebayeva, A.,. Rohrlach, A.B., Fregeiro, M.I., Celdrán, E., Velasco, C., Aron, F., Himmel, M., Freund, C., Alt, K.W., Salazar-García, D.C., García Atiénzar, G., de Miguel Ibáñez, M.P., Hernández Pérez, M.S., Barciela, V., Romero, A., Ponce, J., Martínez, A., Lomba, J., Soler, J., Pujante, A., Avilés Fernández, A., Haber-Uriarte, M., Roca de Togores Muñoz, C., Olalde, I., Lalueza-Fox, C., Reich, D., Krause, J., García Sanjuán, L., Lull, V., Micó, R., Risch, R., Haak, W. (2021). Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age-Bronze Age transition in southern Iberia. Science Advances 7: eabi7038.
White, A.E., de-Dios, T., Carrión, P., Bonora, G.L., Llovera, L., Cilli, E., Lizano, E., Khabdulina, M.K., Tleugabulov, D.T., Olalde, I., Marquès-Bonet, T., Balloux, F., Pettener, D., van Dorp, L.*, Luiselli, D.*, Lalueza-Fox, C.* (2021). Genomic Analysis of 18th-Century Kazakh Individuals and Their Oral Microbiome. Biology 10:1324.
Renom, P., de-Dios, T., Civit, S., Llovera, L., Sánchez-Gracia, A., Lizano, E., Rando, J.C., Marquès-Bonet, T., Kergoat, G.J., Casanovas-Villar, I.*, Lalueza-Fox, C.* (2021). Genetic data from the extinct giant rat from Tenerife (Canary Islands) points to a recent divergence from mainland relatives. Biology Letters 7: 20210533.
Alpaslan-Roodenberg, S., Anthony, D., Babiker, H., Bánffy, E., Booth, T., Capone, P., Deshpande-Mukherjee, A., Eisenmann, S., Fehren-Schmitz, L., Frachetti, M., Fujita, R., Frieman, C.J., Fu, Q., Gates, Jr., H.L., Gibbon, V., Haak, W., Hajdinjak, M., Hofmann, K.P., Holguin, B., Inomata, T., Kanzawa-Kiriyama, H., Keegan, W., Kelso, J., Krause, J., Kumaresan, G., Kusimba, C., Kusimba, S., Lalueza-Fox, C., Llamas, B., MacEachern, S., Mallick, S., Matsumura, H., Morales-Arce, A.Y., Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, G., Mushrif-Tripathy, V., Nakatsuka, N., Nores, R., Ogola, C., Okumura, M., Patterson, N., Pinhasi, R., Prasad, S.P.R., Prendergast, M.E., Punzo, J.L., Reich, D., Sawafuji, R., Sawchuk, E., Schiffels, S., Sedig, J., Shnaider, S., Sirak, K., Skoglund, P., Slon, V., Snow, M., Soressi, M., Spriggs, M., Stockhammer, P.W., Szécsényi-Nagy, A., Thangaraj, K., Tiesler, V., Tobler, R., Wang, C.-C., Warinner, C., Yasawardene, S., Zahir, M. (2021). Ethics of DNA Research on Human Remains: Five Globally Applicable Guidelines. Nature 599: 41-46.
de-Dios, T., Carrión, P., Olalde, I., Llovera Nadal, L., Lizano, E., Pàmies, D., Marques-Bonet,T., Balloux, F., van Dorp, L., Lalueza-Fox, C. (2021). Salmonella enterica from a soldier from the 1652-siege of Barcelona (Spain) supports historical transatlantic epidemic contacts. iScience 24: 103021.
Lalueza-Fox, C. (2021). Neanderthal Assimilation? Nature Ecology and Evolution (News and Views). Doi: 10.1038/s41559-021-01421-3.
Petr, M., Hajdinjak, M., Fu, Q., Essel, E., Rougier, H., Crevecoeur, I., Semal, P., Golovanova, L.V., Doronichev, V.B., Lalueza-Fox, C., de la Rasilla, M., Rosas, A., Shunkov, M.V., Kozlikin, M.B., Derevianko, A.P., Vernot, B., Meyer, M., Kelso, J. (2020). The evolutionary history of Neandertal and Denisovan Y chromosomes. Science 25: 1653-1656.
Nakatsuka, N., Luisi, P., Motti, J.M.B., Salemme, M., Santiago, F., D’Angelo del Campo, M.D., Vecchi, R.J., Espinosa-Parrilla, Y., Prieto, A., Adamski, N., Lawson, A.M., Harper, T.K., Culleton, B.J., Kennett, D.J., Lalueza-Fox, C., Mallick, S., Rohland, N., Guichón, R.A., Cabana, G.S., Nores, R., Reich, D. (2020). Ancient genomes in South Patagonia reveal population movements associated with technological shifts and geography. Nature Communications 11(1): 3868.
Racimo, F., Sikora, M., Vander Linden, M., Schroeder, H., Lalueza-Fox. (2020) Beyond broad strokes: sociocultural insights from the study of ancient genomes. Nature Review Genetics 21(6): 355-366.
Nägele, K., Posth, C., Iraeta Orbegozo, M., Chinique de Armas, Y., Hernández Godoy, S.T., González Herrera, U.M., Nieves-Colón, M.A., Sandoval-Velasco, M., Mylopotamitaki, D., Radzeviciute, R., Laffoon, J., Pestle, W.J., Ramos-Madrigal, J., Lamnidis, T.C., Schaffer, W.C., Carr, R.S., Day, J.S., Arredondo Antúnez, C., Rangel Rivero, A., Martínez-Fuentes, A.J., Crespo-Torres, E., Roksandic, I., Stone, A.C., Lalueza-Fox, C., Hoogland, M., Roksandic, M., Hofman, C.L., Krause, J., Schroeder, H. (2020). Genomic insights into the early peopling of the Caribbean. Science 369 (6502): 456-460.
Welker, F., Ramos-Madrigal, J., Gutenbrunner, P., Mackie, M., Tiwary, S., Jersie-Christensen, R.R., Chiva, C., Dickinson, M., Kuhlwilm, M., de Manuel, M., Gelabert, P., Martinón-Torres, M., Margvelashvili, A., Arsuaga, J.L., Carbonell, E., Marques-Bonet, T., Penkman, K., Sabido, E., Cox, J., Olsen, J.V., Lordkipanidze, D., Racimo, F., Lalueza-Fox, C., Bermudez de Castro, J.M., Willerslev, E., Cappellini, E. (2020) The dental enamel proteome of Homo antecessor. Nature 580(7802): 235-238.
Lipson, M., Ribot, I., Mallick, S., Rohland, N., Olalde, I., Adamski, N., Broomandkhoshbacht, N., Lawson, A.M., Lopez, S., Oppenheimer, J., Stewardson, K., Asombang, R.N., Bocherens, H., Bradman, N., Culleton, B.J., Cornelissen, E., Crevecoeur, I., Maret, P.de., Fomine, F.L.M., Lavachery, P., Mindzie, C.M., Orban, R., Sawchuk, E., Semal, P., Thomas, M.G., Van Neer, W., Veeramah, K., Kennett, G.J., Patterson, N., Hellenthal, G., Lalueza-Fox, C., MacEachern, S., Prendergast, M., Reich, D. (2020). Ancient West African foragers in the context of deep human genetic history. Nature 557 (7792): 665-670.
de-Dios, T., van Dorp, L., Charlier, P., Morfopoulou, S., Lizano, E., Bon, C., Le Bitouzé, C., Alvarez-Estape, M., Marquès-Bonet, T., Balloux, F., Lalueza-Fox, C. (2020). Metagenomic analysis of a blood stain from the French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat (1743-1793). Infection, Genetics and Evolution 80: 104209.
Gelabert, P., Sandoval-Velasco, M., Serres, A., de Manuel, M., Renom, P., Margaryan, A., Stiller, J., de-Dios, T., Fang, Q., Feng, S., Mañosa, S., Pacheco, G., Ferrando-Bernal, M., Shi, G., Hao, F., Chen, X., Petersen, B., Olsen, R.A., Navarro, A., Deng, Y., Dalén, L., Marquès-Bonet, T., Zhang, G., Antunes, A., Gilbert, M.T.P., Lalueza-Fox, C. (2020) Evolutionary history, genomic adaptation to toxic diet and extinction of the Carolina parakeet. Current Biology 30:108-114.e5.
Ferrando-Bernal, M., Morcillo-Suarez, C., de-Dios, T., Gelabert, P., Civit, S., Díaz-Carvajal, A., Ollich-Castanyer, I., Allentoft, M.E., Valverde, S., Lalueza-Fox, C.* (2020). Mapping co-ancestry connections between the genome of a Medieval individual and modern European. Scientific Reports 10(1): 6843.
Harding, T., Milot, E., Moreau, C., Lefebvre, J.F., Bournival, J.S., Vézina, H., Laprise, C., Lalueza-Fox, C., Anglada, R., Loewen, B., Casals, F., Ribot, I., Labuda, D. (2020). Historical human remians identification through maternal and paternal gentic signatures in a founder population with extensive genealogical record. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 171(4): 645-658.
Fernandes, D., Mittnik, A., Olalde, I., Lazaridis, I., Cheronet, O., Rohland, N., Mallick, S., Bernardos, R., Broomandkhoshbacht, N., Carlsson, J., Culleton, B., Ferry, M., Gamarra, B., Lari, M., Mah, M., Michel, M., Modi, A., Novak, M., Oppenheimer, J., Sirak, K., Stewardson, K., Mandl, K., Schattke, C., Özdoğan, K., Lucci, M., Gasperetti, G., Candilio, F., Salis, G., Vai, S., Camaros, E., Calo’, C., Catalano, G., Cueto, M., Forgia, V., Lozano, M., Marini, E., Micheletti, M., Miccichè, R., Palombo, M.R., Ramis, D., Schimmenti, V., Sureda, P., Teira, L., Teschler-Nicola, M., Kennett, D., Lalueza-Fox, C., Patterson, N., Sineo, L., Coppa, A., Caramelli, D., Pinhasi, R., Reich, D. (2020). The Spread of Steppe and Iranian Related Ancestry in the Islands of the Western Mediterranean. Nature Ecology and Evolution. 4(3): 334-345.
van Dorp, L., Gelabert, P., Rieux, A., de Manuel, M., de-Dios, T., Gopalakrishnan, S., Carøe, C., Sandoval-Velasco, M., Fregel, R., Olalde, I., Escosa, R., Aranda, C., Huijben, S., Mueller, I., Marquès-Bonet, T., Balloux, F., Gilbert, M.T.P., Lalueza-Fox, C. (2020). Plasmodium vivax malaria viewed through the lens of an eradicated European strain. Molecular Biology and Evolution 37(3): 773-785.
Gokhman, D., Nissim-Rafinia, M., Agranat-Tamir, L., Housman, G., García-Pérez, R., Lizano, E., Cheronet, O., Mallick, S., NievesColón, M.A., Li, H., Alpaslan-Roodenberg, S., Novak, M., Gu, H., Osinski, J.M., Ferrando-Bernal, M., Gelabert, P., Lipende, I., Mjungu, D., Kondova, I., Bontrop, R., Kullmer, O., Weber, G., Shahar, T., Dvir-Ginzberg, M., Faerman, M., Quillen, E.E., Meissner, A., Lahav, Y., Kandel, L., Liebergall, M., Prada, M.E., Vidal, J.M., Gronostajski, R.M., Stone, A.C., Yakir, B., Lalueza-Fox, C., Pinhasi, R., Reich, D., Marques-Bonet, T., Meshorer, E., Carmel, L. (2020). Genes affecting vocal and facial anatomy went through extensive regulatory divergence in modern humans. Nature Communications 11(1): 1189.
Welker, F., Ramos-Madrigal, J., Kuhlwilm, M., Liao, W., Gutenbrunner, P., de Manuel, M., Samodova, D., Mackie, M., Allentoft, M.E., Bacon, A.-M., Cox, J., Lalueza-Fox, C., Olsen, J.V., Demeter, F., Wang, W. Marques-Bonet, T., Cappellini, E. (2019) Dental enamel proteome shows that Gigantopithecus was an early divergent pongine. Nature 576: 262-265.
Giner-Delgado, C., Villatoro, S., Lerga-Jaso, J., Gayà-Vidal, M., Oliva, M., Castellano, D., Pantano, L., Bitarello, B.D., Izquierdo, D., Noguera, I., Olalde, I., Delprat, A., Blancher, A., Lalueza-Fox, C., Esko, T., O’Reilly, P., Andrés, A.M., Ferretti, L., Puig, M., Cáceres, M. (2019) Evolutionary and functional impact of common polymorphic inversions in the human genome. Nature Communications 10(1): 4222.
de-Dios, T., van Dorp, L., Gelabert, P., Carøe, C., Sandoval-Velasco, M., Fregel, R., Escosa, R., Aranda, C., Huijben, S., Balloux, F., Gilbert, M.T.P., Lalueza-Fox, C.* (2019) Genetic affinities of an eradicated Plasmodium falciparum European strain. Microbial Genomics 5(9): e000289
Olalde, I*., Mallick, S., Patterson, N., Rohland, N., Villalba-Mouco, V., Dulias, K., Edwards, C.J., Gandini, F., Pala, M., Silva, M., Soares, P., Ferrando-Bernal, M., Adamski, N., Broomandkhoshbacht, N., Cheronet, O., Culleton, B.J., Fernandes, D., Lawson, A.M., Mah, M., Oppenheimer, J., Stewardson, K., Zhang, Z., Jiménez Arenas. J.M., Toro Moyano, I.J., Salazar García, D.C., Castanyer, P., Santos, M., Tremoleda, J., Lozano, M., Fernández-Eraso, J., Mujika-Alustiza, J.A., Barroso, C., Bermúdez, F.J., Burch, J., Coromina, N., Viguera Mínguez, E., Vivó, D., Cebrià, A., Fullola, J.M., García-Puchol, O., Morales, J.I., Oms, F.X., Vergès, J.M., Díaz-Carvajal, A., Ollich-Castanyer, I., García Borja, P., Silva, A.M., Alonso-Fernández, C., Jiménez Echevarría, J., Moreno-Márquez, A., Ramos-García, P., Ramos Muñoz, J., Vijande Vila, E., Lillios, K.T,, Mack, J., Waterman, A., Delibes, G., Agustí, B., Codina, F., Esparza, A., de Prado, G., Estalrrich, A., Finlayson, C., Finlayson, G., Finlayson, S., Giles-Guzmán, F., Majó, T., Rosas, A., Velasco-Vázquez, J., Aguilella Arzo, G., Barciela González, V., Benítez de Lugo Enrich, L., Benito Sánchez, M., García Atiénzar, G., Hernández Pérez, M.S., Llanos, A., Carrión Marco, Y., Collado Beneyto, I., Fernández Flores, A., López-Serrano, D., Sanz Tormo, M., Valera, A.C., Blasco, C., Daura, J., De Pedro Michó. M.J., Diez-Castillo, A.A., Flores Fernández, R., Francès Farré, J., Garrido-Pena, R., Gonçalves, V.S., Guerra-Doce, E., Herrero-Corral, A.M., Juan-Cabanilles, J., Liesau, C., López-Cachero, F.J., López-Reyes, D., McClure, S.B., Merino Pérez, M., Oliver Foix, A., Pascual Berlanga, G., Ríos, P., Sanz Borràs, M., Sousa, A.C., Vidal Encinas, J.M., Kennett, D.J., Richards, M.B., Alt, K.W., Haak, W., Pinhasi, R., Lalueza-Fox, C.*, Reich, D.* (2019). The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the last 8,000 years. Science 363: 1230-1234.
Ríos L, Kivell TL, Lalueza-Fox C, Estalrrich A, García-Tabernero A, Huguet R, Quintino Y, de la Rasilla M, Rosas A. (2019) Skeletal anomalies in the Neandertal family of El Sidrón (Spain) support a role of inbreeding in Neandertal extinction. Scientific Reports 9(1): 1697.
Gelabert, P., Ferrando-Bernal, M., de-Dios, T., Mattorre, B., Campoy, E., Gorostiza, A., Patin, E., González-Martín, A. Lalueza-Fox, C. (2019) Genome-wide data from the Bubi of Bioko Island clarifies the Atlantic fringe of the Bantu dispersal. BMC Genomics 20: 179.
Olalde, I., Brace, S., Allentoft, M., Armit, I., Kristiansen, K., Booth, T., Rohland, N., Mallick, S., Szécsényi-Nagy, A., Mittnik, A., Altena, E., Lipson, M., Lazaridis, I., Harper, T.K., Patterson, N., Broomandkhoshbacht, N., Diekmann, Y., Faltyskova, Z., Fernandes, D., Ferry, M., Harney, E., de Knijff, P., Michel, M., Oppenheimer, J., Stewardson, K., Barclay, A., Alt, K., Liesau, C., Ríos, P., Blasco, C., Vega Miguel, J., Menduiña García, R., Avilés Fernández, A., Bánffy, E., Bernabò-Brea, M., Billoin, D., Bonsall, C., Bonsall, L., Allen, T., Büster, L., Carver, S., Castells Navarro, L., Craig, O., Cook, G., Cunliffe, B., Denaire, A., Dinwiddy, K.E., Dodwell, N., Ernée, M., Evans, C., Kuchařík, M., Francès Farré, J., Fowler, C., Gazenbeek, M., Garrido Pena, R., Haber-Uriarte, M., Haduch, E., Hey, G., Jowett, N., Knowles, T., Massy, K., Pfrengle, S., Lefranc, P., Lemercier, O., Lefebvre, A., Heras Martínez, C., Galera Olmo, V., Bastida Ramírez, A., Lomba Maurandi, J., Majó, T., McKinley, J., McSweeney, K., Balázs Gusztáv, M., Modi, A., Kulcsár, G., Kiss, V., Czene, A., Patay, R., Endrődi, A., Köhler, K., Hajdu, T., Szeniczey, T., Dani, J., Bernet, Z., Hoole, M., Cheronet, O., Keating, D., Velemínsky, P., Dobes, M., Candilio, F., Brown, F., Flores Fernández, R., Herrero-Corral, A.M., Tusa, S., Carnieri, E., Lentini, L., Valenti, A., Zanini, A., Waddington, C., Delibes, G., Guerra-Doce E., Neil, B., Brittain, M., Luke, M., Mortimer, R., Desideri, J., Besse, M., Brücken, G., Furmanek, M., Haluszko, A., Mackiewicz, M., Rapinski, A., Leach, S., Soriano, I., Lillios, K.T., Cardoso, J.L., Parker Pearson, M., Włodarczak, P., Price, T.D., Prieto, P., Rey, P.-J., Risch, R., Rojo Guerra, M., Schmitt, A., Serralongue, J., Silva, A.M., Smrcka, Luc Vergnaud, V., Zilhao, J., Caramelli, D., Higham, T., Thomas, M.G., Kennett, D.J., Fokkens, H., Heyd, V., Sheridan, A., Sjögren, K.-G., Stockhammer, P., Krause, J., Pinhasi, R., Haak, W., Barnes, I., Lalueza-Fox, C., Reich D. (2018) The Beaker Phenomenon and the Genomic Transformation of Northwest Europe. Nature 555: 190-196.
Gómez-Sánchez, D., Olalde, I., Sastre, N., Enseñat, C., Carrasco, R., Marques-Bonet, T., Lalueza-Fox, C., Leonard, J.A., Vilà, C., Ramírez, O. (2018) On the path to extinction: inbreeding and admixture in a declining grey wolf population. Molecular Ecology 27 (18): 3599-3612.
Ebenesersdóttir ,S.S., Sandoval-Velasco, M., Gunnarsdóttir, E.D., Jagadeesan, A., Guðmundsdóttir,V.B., Thordardóttir, E.L., Einarsdóttir, M.S., Moore, K.H.S., Sigurðsson, Á., Magnúsdóttir, D.N., Jónsson, H., Snorradóttir, S., Hovig, E., Møller, P., Kockum, I., Olsson, T., Alfredsson, L., Hansen, T.F.,, Werge, T., Cavalleri, G.L., Gilbert, E., Lalueza-Fox, C., Walser, J.W. 3rd, Kristjánsdóttir, S., Gopalakrishnan, S., Árnadóttir, L., Magnússon, Ó.Þ., Gilbert, M.T.P., Stefánsson, K., Helgason. A. (2018) Ancient genomes from Iceland reveal the making of a human population. Science 360, 1028-1032.
Lipson, M., Szécsényi-Nagy, A., Mallick, S., Pósa, A., Stégmár, B., Keerl, V., Rohland, N., Stewardson, K., Ferry, M., Michel, M., Oppenheimer, J., Broomandkhoshbacht, N., Harney, E., Nordenfelt, S., Llamas, B., Mende, B., Köhler, K., Oross, K., Bondár, M., Marton, T., Osztás, A., Jakucs, J., Paluch, T., Horváth, F., Csengeri, P., Koós, J., Sebők, K., Anders, A., Raczky, P., Regenye, J., Barna, J., Fábián, S., Serlegi, G., Toldi, Z., Nagy, E., Dani, J., Molnár, E., Pálfi, G., Márk, L., Melegh, B., Bánfai, Z., Fernández-Eraso, J., Mujika-Alustiza, J., Alonso Fernández, C., Jiménez Echevarría, J., Bollongino, R., Orschiedt, J., Schierhold, K., Meller, H., Cooper, A., Burger, J., Bánffy, E., Alt, K., Lalueza-Fox, C., Haak, W., Domboróczki, L., Reich, D. (2017) Parallel paleogenomic transects reveal complex genetic history of early European farmers. Nature 551: 368-372.
Tassi, F., Vai, S., Ghirotto, S., Lari, M., Modi, A., Pilli, E., Brunelli, A., Susca, R.R., Budnik, A., Labuda, D., Alberti, F., Lalueza-Fox, C., Reich, D., Caramelli, D., Barbujani, G. (2017) Genome diversity in the Neolithic Globular Amphorae culture and the spread of Indo-European languages. Proc. Biol. Sci. 284(1867): 20171540.
Rosas, A., Ríos, L., Estalrrich, A., Liversidge, H., García-Tabernero, A., Huguet, R., Cardoso, H., Bastir, M., Lalueza-Fox, C., de la Rasilla, M., Dean, C. (2017). The growth pattern of Neandertals, reconstructed from a juvenile skeleton from El Sidrón (Spain) (2017). Science 357: 1282-1887
Slon, V., Hopfe, C., Weiß, C.L., Mafessoni, F., de la Rasilla, M., Lalueza-Fox, C., Rosas, A., Soressi, M., Knul, M.V., Miller, R., Stewart, J.R., Derevianko, A.P., Jacobs, Z., Li, B., Roberts, R.G., Shunkov, M.V., de Lumley, H., Perrenoud, C., Gušić, I., Kućan, Z., Rudan, P., Aximu-Petri, A., Essel, E., Nagel, S., Nickel, B., Schmidt, A., Prüfer, K., Kelso, J., Burbano, H.,A., Pääbo, S., Meyer, M. (2017) Neandertal and Denisovan DNA from Pleistocene sediments. Science 356:605-608.
Gelabert, P., Olalde, I., de-Dios, T., Civit, S., Lalueza-Fox, C. (2017) Malaria was a weak selective force in ancient Europeans. Scientific Reports 7: 1377.
Chang, D., Knapp, M., Enk, J., Lippold, S., Kircher, M., Lister, A., D. E. MacPhee, R., Widga, C., Czechowski, P., Sommer, R., Hodges, E., Stümpel, N., Barnes, I., Dalén, L., Derevianko, A., Germonpré, M., Hillebrand-Voiculescu, A., Constantin, S., Kuznetsova, T., Mol, D., Rathgeber, T., Rosendahl, W., Tikhonov, A.N., Willerslev, E., Hannon, G., Lalueza-Fox, C., Joger, U., Poinar, H., Hofreiter, M., Shapiro, B. (2017) The evolutionary and phylogeographic history of woolly mammoths: a comprehensive mitogenomic analysis. Scientific Reports 7: 44585.
Weyrich, L.S., Duchene, S., Soubrier, J., Arriola, L., Llamas, B., Breen, J., Morris, A.G., Alt, K.W., Caramelli, D., Dresely, V., Farrell, M., Farrer, A.G., Francken, M., Gully. N., Haak, W., Hardy. K., Harvati, K., Held, P., Holmes, E.C., Kaidonis, J., Lalueza-Fox, C., de la Rasilla, M., Rosas, A., Semal, P., Soltysiak, A., Townsend, G., Usai, D., Wahl, J., Huson, D.H., Dobney, K., Cooper. A. (2017) Neanderthal behaviour, diet and disease inferred from ancient DNA in dental calculus. Nature 544: 357-361.